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Chapter 16 The Civil War Begins

Chapter Objective
The student will understand how the Civil War began, its progress during the early years, and its impact on Union and Confederate soldiers.

Section 1
War Erupts

• To describe how fighting began at Fort Sumter
• To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each side
• To explain each side's basic strategy
• To summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull Run

The United States Civil War Center http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/
Louisiana State University site containing a nearly exhaustive set of links to Civil War information on the Internet.

Selected Civil War Photographs http://memory.loc.gov/ ammem/ cwphtml/ cwphome.html
Library of Congress site offering access to more than 1,000 Civil War photographs from the library's holdings, plus a wealth of background information.

Abraham Lincoln Historic Digitization Project http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/
Historical materials from Abraham Lincoln's Illinois years (1830-1861), including Lincoln's writings and speeches, as well as other materials illuminating antebellum Illinois.

Section 2
Life in the Army

• To explain who joined the armies
• To describe military training and supplies of the era
• To summarize the hardships of army life
• To identify changes in military technology

Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry http://extlab1.entnem.ufl.edu/ olustee/ 54th_MS_inf.html
Brief history of the famous African-American regiment, with links to photographs and other information.

Cyndi's List: U.S. Civil War/War of Southern Independence http://www.cyndislist.com/ cw.htm
Includes links to sites that discuss hospitals and medicine in the Civil War.

Civil War Medicine http://www.civilwarhome.com/ civilwarmedicineintro.htm
Includes links to over 13 sites relating to Civil War medicine.

Section 3 
No End in Sight

• To analyze the importance of the Union victories in the West
• To explain how the fall of New Orleans helped the Union
• To analyze Lee's victories in the East and his decision to invade the North
• To describe the outcome of the Battle of Antietam

The Papers of Jefferson Davis http://jeffersondavis.rice.edu/
Texts of selected letters and speeches of the president of the Confederate States, plus a biographical time line and other information.

William Tecumseh Sherman http://metalab.unc.edu/ pub/ academic/ history/ marshall/ military/ biographies/ william_sherman.bio
Biographical sketch of the man who would become one of the North's most successful generals in the Civil War.

Matthew B. Brady http://memory.loc.gov/ ammem/ cwphtml/ cwbrady.html
Brief biography of Matthew Brady from the Selected Civil War Photographs site.

–Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President 18691877 http://www.whitehouse.gov/ history/ presidents/ ug18.html
Brief biography on the career of the Civil War general and president.

Literature Connections: Civil Wars

Novel Notes http://home.earthlink.net/ ~jesmith/ NovelNotes.html
Links to historical background for Across Five Aprils and a link that helps students to compare a novel to its film adaptation.

Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation http://school.discovery.com/ lessonplans/ programs/ yugoslavia/
Lesson designed for discussing literature from the 1990s addressing the civil war in Yugoslavia.

Technology of the Time: Military Ships

The Monitor and the Merrimack http://www.infoplease.com/ ce6/ history/ A0833724.html
Encyclopedia article about the ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack.

Civil War Battle of the Monitor vs. the Merrimack http://www.studyworld.com/ battle_monitor_vs_merrimack.htm
Detailed description of the battle between the two ironclads.

Sinking of the Ironclad USS Monitor http://ourworld.compuserve.com/ homepages/ Brad_Haugaard/ monitor.htm
Detailed survivor account of the sinking of the Monitor.

Life in Army Training Camps

Making a Class Presentation
Life in the army training camps during the Civil War was hard. Information about life in the camps comes from primary sources. Using the library and the Internet, find diaries, letters, photographs, and news articles about daily life.

Plan an electronic presentation on army life for your class. Use the list of suggested topics below to begin brainstorming.

· Drawings, maps, and photos show the design of a typical camp
· Items used for cooking, lodging, sanitation, military drilling, and recreation
· Drills and maneuvers soldiers learned
· Personal belongs of the Yankees and rebels
· Firsthand accounts of camp life from letters and diaries
· Changes in camp life as the war dragged on

• The American Civil War Homepage http://sunsite.utk.edu/ civil-war/ warweb.html
  This site includes a listing of private, personal documents including letters, journals, and diaries.
• Civil War Diaries http://www.augustana.edu/ library/ SpecialCollections/ civil1.html
  Includes diaries of two Civil War soldiers, Gould D. Molineaux and Basil H. Messler, both of whom served in the Union Army near Vicksburg, Mississippi.
• Civil War Diaries of Van Buren Oldham http://www.utm.edu/ departments/ acadpro/ library/ departments/ special_collections/ wc_hist/ vboldham.htm
  Site includes a biography of Confederate soldier Oldlham, as well as diary entries for 1863.