|
Colony
|
Region
|
Date Est.
|
Founder
|
Purpose
|
Government
|
Religion
|
Chief Crops or Trade
|
Notes
|
|
Roanoke
(Virginia)
Sagadohoc
|
Southern
New England
(Maine)
|
1585
1587
1607
|
Sir Walter Raleigh
Sir Walter Raleigh (John White)
Plymouth Company
|
Establish English colony in New World
Trade and profits
|
|
|
|
Surviving colonists went back to England in 1586
Colonists disappeared without a trace
George Popham (governor)
Some colonists English convicts
|
|
Virginia
|
Southern
|
1607
|
Virginia Company of London
John Smith takes over Jan. 1608
|
Trade and profits
Founded as joint-stock company
|
Governor appointed by king
|
Anglican
|
Tobacco
|
- James I granted charters 1606
- Jamestown
- Only 60 of 1st 900 colonists survived
- House of Burgesses (1619)
- 1609 – Smith injured; 800 colonists arrive
|
|
Plymouth
(Massachusetts)
|
New England
|
1620
|
William Bradford
|
Religious freedom for Separatists (Pilgrims)
|
Governor appointed by king
|
Puritan
|
Fish, lumber, shipbuilding
|
Mayflower Compact
Led by William Bradford
|
|
New Netherland (New York)
|
Middle
|
1624
|
Dutch West India Company
|
Trade and profits
|
Governor appointed by king
|
Dutch Reformed, others
|
Shipbuilding, trade
|
Dutch settlers begin colony
Later becomes area of religious freedom for Jews,
|
|
Massachusetts Bay
(Massachusetts)
|
New England
|
1630
|
Massachusetts Bay Company
John Winthrop
|
Religious freedom for Puritans
|
Governor appointed by king
|
Puritan
|
Fish, lumber, shipbuilding
|
18,000 settlers by 1642
|
|
New Hampshire
|
New England
|
1623
|
Proprietors
|
Escape for those constricted by religious and economic rules
|
Governor appointed by the king
|
Several religions, mostly Protestant
|
Fish, molasses
|
Portsmouth
Puritan harshness led these settlers north and inland.
|
|
Maryland
|
Southern
|
1632
1634
|
Lord Baltimore
George Calvert
|
Founded as religious haven
|
Proprietor selected the governor
|
Catholic, Protestant
|
Tobacco
|
Maryland Toleration Act (1649)
Slow-growing (only 600 by 1650)
|
|
Colony
|
Region
|
Date Est.
|
Founder
|
Purpose
|
Government
|
Religion
|
Chief Crops or Trade
|
Notes
|
|
Connecticut
|
New England
|
1636
|
Thomas Hooker
|
Religious and economic freedom
|
Elected by colonists
|
Several religions, mostly Protestant
|
Fish, lumber, shipbuilding
|
Hartford
Leaders of Massachusetts asked Hooker and followers to leave
|
|
Rhode Island
|
New England
|
1636
|
Roger Williams
|
Religious freedom
|
Elected by colonists
|
Complete religious freedom for all – Baptist, Anglican (Episcopalian), and others
|
Fish, lumber
|
Providence
Williams set up most tolerant colony
|
|
Delaware
|
Middle
|
1638
1682
|
Peter Minuit (Swedes)
William Penn
|
Trade and profits
|
Proprietor selected the governor
|
Quaker
|
Tobacco
|
Fort Christina
Established by Sweden; taken by English in 1664
|
|
North Carolina
|
Southern
|
1663
|
Proprietors
|
Trade and profits
|
Governor appointed by king
|
Several religions, mostly Protestant
|
Rice, tobacco, pitch, tar from pine trees
|
Joint business venture
|
|
New Jersey
|
Middle
|
1664
1681
|
Duke of York establishes;
George Carteret, John Berkeley
|
Trade and profits
|
Governor appointed by king
|
Quaker, Dutch Reformed, others
|
Wheat, rye, oats
|
Given to pay off debt in regaining throne of Charles II, who bestowed land
|
|
South Carolina
|
Southern
|
1663
|
Proprietors
|
Founded
Trade and profits
|
Governor appointed by king
|
Several religions, mostly Protestant
|
Rice and indigo major crops; also timber, cattle, trade with Native Americans
tobacco, pitch, tar from pine trees
|
Charles Town (1670) - Charleston
Proprietary rule overthrown (1719)
Becomes royal colony and divided (1729)
|
|
Pennsylvania
|
Middle
|
1681
|
Charles II bestows land; William Penn
|
Religious freedom for Quakers;
trade and profits
|
Proprietor selected the governor
|
|
Shipbuilding, trade
|
Originally Quaker; became home to many European immigrants
|
|
Georgia
|
Southern
|
1732
|
James Oglethorpe
|
Founded as debtor’s refuge
|
Governor appointed by king
|
|
Tobacco, indigo
|
Debtor colony for Spanish colonies
Restrictions on blacks, size of plantations kept colony small
|
